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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">TCD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The Cryosphere Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">TCD</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1994-0440</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/tcd-7-419-2013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Alpine permafrost thawing during the Medieval Warm Period identified from cryogenic cave carbonates</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Luetscher</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Borreguero</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Moseley</surname>
<given-names>G. E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Spötl</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Edwards</surname>
<given-names>R. L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, University of Innsbruck, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Swiss Society of Speleology, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>419</fpage>
<lpage>440</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/7/419/2013/tcd-7-419-2013.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/7/419/2013/tcd-7-419-2013.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Coarse crystalline cryogenic cave carbonates (CCC&lt;sub&gt;coarse&lt;/sub&gt;) dated to the last
  glacial period are common in central European caves and provide convincing evidence of
  palaeo-permafrost during this time. Little is known, however, about the exact nature of the
  environment in which CCC&lt;sub&gt;coarse&lt;/sub&gt; formed as no modern analogue setting is
  known. Here, we report the first findings of sub-recent, albeit inactive, CCC&lt;sub&gt;coarse&lt;/sub&gt; from a cave of the Western Alps which is located in the present-day
  permafrost zone. The globular shape and the presence of ubiquitous euhedral crystal terminations
  are comparable to previously described aggregates from the last glacial period and strongly suggest
  that these aggregates formed subaqueously in pools lacking agitation.  Furthermore, stable isotope
  values of mm-sized spheroids point to calcite precipitation in a closed system with respect to
  CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; strongly supporting the hypothesis of a cryogenic origin associated with the freezing
  of water ponds. U-series analyses revealed three clusters of late Holocene calcite precipitation
  intervals between 2129 and 751 a b2k. These ages correlate with known periods of elevated summer
  temperatures, suggesting that warming and thawing of the permafrozen catchment above the cave
  allowed water infiltration into the karst system. The growth of CCC&lt;sub&gt;coarse&lt;/sub&gt;
  resulted from the re-freezing of this water in the still cold karst cavities.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="22"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
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